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[8] [9] Microtentacles are cell protrusions attached to free-floating cells, associated with the spread of some cancer cells. [10] In prokaryotes such protrusions are known as surface or cell-surface appendages and include flagella, pili, fimbriae, and nanowires. [11] [8] Some archaea possess very complex appendages known as hami. [12]
A beetle leg. An appendage (or outgrowth) is an external body part or natural prolongation that protrudes from an organism's body such as an arm or a leg. Protrusions from single-celled bacteria and archaea are known as cell-surface appendages or surface appendages.
Podosomes are conical, actin-rich structures found as appendages on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of animal cells. [1] [2] Their size ranges from approximately 0.5 μm to 2.0 μm in diameter.
Hami play a large role in cellular attachment. These appendages allow the cells to adhere to each other, as well as their surroundings. When the hami filaments of one cell come into contact with a neighboring cell, the hami are able to entangle and produce a web like structure between the cells. [11] This helps to form and maintain the biofilm.
In general, each centriole of the centrosome is based on a nine-triplet microtubule assembled in a cartwheel structure, and contains centrin, cenexin and tektin. [10] In many cell types, the centrosome is replaced by a cilium during cellular differentiation. However, once the cell starts to divide, the cilium is replaced again by the centrosome ...
In Polychaeta, chaetae are found as bundles on the parapodia, paired appendages on the side of the body. [1] The chaetae are epidermal, extracellular structures, and clearly visible in most polychaetes. They are probably the best-studied structures in these animals. [2] Segments bearing chaetae are called chaetigers. [3]
The appendicular skeleton is the portion of the vertebrate endoskeleton consisting of the bones, cartilages and ligaments that support the paired appendages (fins, flippers or limbs). In most terrestrial vertebrates (except snakes , legless lizards and caecillians ), the appendicular skeleton and the associated skeletal muscles are the ...
the paraprocts: paired plate-like appendages also derived from the sternum at the side of the tip of the abdomen, often most apparent in certain basal orders such as Odonata; the cerci : a pair of appendages which articulate laterally on segment 11; typically, these are annulated and filamentous but have been modified (e.g. the forceps of ...