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The Sun is 1.4 million kilometers (4.643 light-seconds) wide, about 109 times wider than Earth, or four times the Lunar distance, and contains 99.86% of all Solar System mass. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star that makes up about 99.86% of the mass of the Solar System. [26]
Sol is the personification of the Sun and a god in ancient Roman religion.It was long thought that Rome actually had two different, consecutive sun gods: The first, Sol Indiges (Latin: the deified sun), was thought to have been unimportant, disappearing altogether at an early period.
Sol Invictus (Classical Latin: [ˈsoːɫ ɪnˈwɪktʊs], "Invincible Sun" or "Unconquered Sun") was the official sun god of the late Roman Empire and a later version of the god Sol. The emperor Aurelian revived his cult in 274 AD and promoted Sol Invictus as the chief god of the empire.
Classical Latin poets also used Phoebus as a byname for the Sun-god, whence come common references in later European poetry to Phoebus and his chariot as a metaphor for the Sun. [391] Ancient Roman authors who used "Phoebus" for Sol as well as Apollo include Ovid, [392] Virgil, [393] Statius, [394] and Seneca. [395]
A further relatively commonly attested name is Amna, whose origin is uncertain. [4] The name Shamash is a cognate of Akkadian terms šamšu ("sun") [5] and šamšatu ("solar disc"), as well as the words referring to sun in other Semitic languages, [2] such as Arabic šams and Hebrew šemeš. [6]
The words for Saturday through Wednesday contain the Bantu-derived Swahili words for "one" through "five". The word for Thursday, Alhamisi, is of Arabic origin and means "the fifth" (day). The word for Friday, Ijumaa, is also Arabic and means (day of) "gathering" for the Friday noon prayers in Islam.
A common Proto-Celtic root *sūli-, related to the various Indo-European words for "sun" (cf. Homeric Greek ἡέλιος, Sanskrit sūryah, from c *suh 2 lio-) has also been proposed, [2] although the Brittonic terms for "sun" (Old Breton houl, Old Welsh heul) feature a diphthong that is absent from Sulis and they are not attested as a ...
A solar deity or sun deity is a deity who represents the Sun or an aspect thereof. Such deities are usually associated with power and strength. Solar deities and Sun worship can be found throughout most of recorded history in various forms. The Sun is sometimes referred to by its Latin name Sol or by its Greek name Helios.