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In the Islamic Middle East, African women – trafficked via the trans-Saharan slave trade, the Red Sea slave trade and the Indian Ocean slave trade – were primarily used as domestic house servants and not exclusively for sexual slavery, while white women, trafficked via the Black Sea slave trade, where preferred for the use of concubines ...
According to professor Ibrahima Baba Kaké, there were four main slavery routes to North Africa, from east to west of Africa, from the Maghreb to the Sudan, from Tripolitania to central Sudan and from Egypt to the Middle East. [87] Caravan trails, set up in the 9th century, went past the oasis of the Sahara; travel was difficult and uncomfortable.
Slaves from other parts of East Africa made up an important commodity being transported by dhows to Somalia. During the 19th century, the East African slave trade grew enormously due to demands by Arabs, Portuguese, and French. Slave traders and raiders moved throughout eastern and central Africa to meet this rising demand.
The first side of the triangle was the export of goods from Europe to Africa. A number of African kings and merchants took part in the trading of enslaved people from 1440 to about 1833. For each captive, the African rulers would receive a variety of goods from Europe.
The Red Sea slave trade, sometimes known as the Islamic slave trade, [1] Arab slave trade, [1] or Oriental slave trade, [1] was a slave trade across the Red Sea trafficking Africans from the African continent to slavery in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East from antiquity until the mid-20th century.
Although some African migrants came to Iraq as sailors and laborers the majority were brought as slaves in the 9th century. [11] Chattel slavery continued for a thousands years, and African slaves were still trafficked to Ottoman Iraq in the 19th-century, being a part of slavery in the Ottoman Empire.
Slavery was widespread in the ancient world in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. [7] [8] [4] Slavery became less common throughout Europe during the Early Middle Ages but continued to be practiced in some areas.
However, when the slave markets were closed and open slavery visually disappeared from the public eye, slavery was considered to be de facto abolished. [2] In practice the slave trade continued illegally at least two decades after the abolition of the slave trade in 1923. [2] Slavery as such continued in private, mainly in the form of domestic ...