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every 2 hours quaque secunda hora q.4.h., q4h every 4 hours quaque quarta hora q.6.h., q6h every 6 hours quaque sexta hora q.8.h., q8h every 8 hours quaque octava hora q.a.m., qAM, qam every morning: quaque ante meridiem q.d., qd every day / daily quaque die q.h.s., qhs every night at bedtime quaque hora somni q.d.s, qds, QDS 4 times a day
A nurse does not work the day shift, night shift and late night shift on the same day (i.e. no 24-hour duties). A nurse may go on a holiday and will not work shifts during this time. A nurse does not do a late night shift followed by a day shift the next day. Two nurses dislike each other and thus cannot work on the same shift because of that.
The health consequences of shift work may depend on chronotype, that is, being a day person or a night person, and what shift a worker is assigned to. When individual chronotype is opposite of shift timing (day person working night shift), there is a greater risk of circadian rhythms disruption. [24]
Technically, 12:00 at night, which we know as “12 AM,” is exactly 12 hours after the previous noon and before the coming noon, so does it count as “before” noon or “after” it?
every night QNS q.n.s. quantity not sufficient q.o.d. every other day (from Latin quaque altera die) (deprecated; use "every other day" instead. See the do-not-use list) QOF: Quality and Outcomes Framework (system for payment of GPs in the UK National Health Service) q.o.h. every other hour q.s.
The evidence for harm to people who are deprived of sleep, or work irregular hours, is robust. Research from Europe and the United States on nonstandard work hours and sleep deprivation found that late-hour workers are subject to higher risks of gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight of their newborns.
The "first shift" often runs from 06:00 to 14:00, "second shift" or "swing shift" from 14:00 to 22:00 and a "third shift" or "night shift" from 22:00 to 06:00, but shifts may also have different length to accommodate for workload, e.g. 7, 8 and 9 or 6, 8 and 10 hours.
Waking up earlier in the morning increases the response. [11]Shift work: nurses working on morning shifts with very early awakening (between 4:00–5:30 a.m.) had a greater and prolonged cortisol awakening response than those on the late day shift (between 6:00–9:00 a.m.) or the night shift (between 11:00 a.m.–2:00 p.m.). [12]