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have (has) – had – had : Weak: Had results from contraction, from OE hæfde; third person present has also results from contraction hear – heard – heard behear – beheard – beheard forehear – foreheard – foreheard mishear – misheard – misheard outhear – outheard – outheard overhear – overheard – overheard rehear ...
In modern English, the auxiliary verb used to form the present perfect is always to have. A typical present perfect clause thus consists of the subject, the auxiliary have/has, and the past participle (third form) of main verb. Examples: I have done so much in my life. You have gone to school. He has already arrived in America.
The verb have, which is pronounced with an /æ/ sound, has a contracted third person present indicative form: has /hæz/ (weak pronunciation /həz/). This is formed similarly to the verb's past tense had. The verb say displays vowel shortening in the third person present indicative (although the spelling is regular): says /sɛz/.
these have they’d: they had / they would they’d've: they would have / they could have / they should have they’ll: they shall / they will they’re: they are / they were they’ve: they have this’s: this has / this is those’re (informal) those are those’ve (informal) those have ’thout (informal) without ’til (informal) until ...
The sentence can be given as a grammatical puzzle [7] [8] [9] or an item on a test, [1] [2] for which one must find the proper punctuation to give it meaning. Hans Reichenbach used a similar sentence ("John where Jack had...") in his 1947 book Elements of Symbolic Logic as an exercise for the reader, to illustrate the different levels of language, namely object language and metalanguage.
The have-perfect developed from a construction where the verb meaning have denoted possession, and the past participle was an adjective modifying the object, as in I have the work done. [15] This came to be reanalyzed, with the object becoming the object of the main verb, and the participle becoming a dependent of the have verb, as in I have ...
The have/has/had + verb + -ed construction is negated by inserting not between the two words of the affirmative (have/has/had not taken). The construction "am/is/are" + verb + -"ing" indicates present tense combined with progressive aspect if the verb is innately non-stative, as in "I am taking it," or combined with innate stative aspect, as in ...
An example is the verb have in the sentence I have finished my lunch. Here, the auxiliary have helps to express the perfect aspect along with the participle, finished. Some sentences contain a chain of two or more auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs, helper verbs, or (verbal) auxiliaries. Research has been conducted ...