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In the context of research and development (R&D) collaborations, background, foreground, sideground and postground intellectual property (IP) are four distinct forms of intellectual property assets.
The World Intellectual Property Report (WIPR) [1] is a biennial analytical publication by the World Intellectual Property Organization, an agency of the United Nations.Each report examines a different theme, focusing on trends in a particular area of intellectual property and innovation.
Similarly, it is based on these background that the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement requires members of the WTO to set minimum standards of legal protection, but its objective to have a "one-fits-all" protection law on Intellectual Property has been viewed with controversies regarding differences in the ...
The journal was established in 1996 and publishes contributed and invited articles, case studies, patent reviews, technical notes on current IPR issues, literature reviews, world literature on intellectual property rights, national and international news, book reviews, and conference reports covering topics on trademarks, patents, copyright law ...
Some national and supranational patent and trade mark offices publish official gazettes, in which applications, registrations, and other official actions relating to specific intellectual property rights are officially published. In some countries, publication in the gazette is required for an action to take effect.
There are several types of intellectual property rights, such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial designs, plant breeders rights [1] and trade secrets. Therefore, an intellectual property infringement may for instance be one of the following:
The United Nations Office at Geneva (Switzerland) is the second biggest UN centre, after the United Nations headquarters (New York City).. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; French: Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN).
Common types of intellectual property rights include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions, trade secrets. These may be sometimes called intellectual rights. See outline of patents for a topical guide and overview of patents.