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Bothrops atrox — also known as the common lancehead, fer-de-lance, barba amarilla, [3] and mapepire balsain — is a highly venomous pit viper species found in the tropical lowlands of northern South America east of the Andes, as well as the Caribbean island of Trinidad. [2] No subspecies are currently recognized. [4]
The Crotalinae, commonly known as pit vipers, [2] [3] or pit adders, are a subfamily of vipers found in Asia and the Americas. Like all other vipers, they are venomous . They are distinguished by the presence of a heat-sensing pit organ located between the eye and the nostril on both sides of the head.
Bothrops is a genus of highly venomous pit vipers endemic to the Neotropics. [1] The generic name, Bothrops, is derived from the Greek words βόθρος, bothros, meaning ' pit ', and ὄψ, ops, meaning ' eye ' or ' face ', together an allusion to the heat-sensitive loreal pit organs.
"Dry bites" involving no venom are particularly common with the copperhead, though all pit vipers are capable of a dry bite. [40] The fangs of dead pit vipers are capable of delivering venom in amounts that necessitate the use of antivenom. [41] Bite symptoms include extreme pain, tingling, throbbing, swelling, and severe nausea.
Bothrops jararaca—known as the jararaca [4] or yarara [5] —is a highly venomous pit viper species endemic to South America in southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. The specific name, jararaca, is derived from Old Tupi îararaka. Within its geographic range, it is often abundant and is an important cause of snakebite. [4]
The Wagler's pit viper has undergone much taxonomic reclassification over the years and was previously placed in the genus Trimeresurus. However, its distinctly different morphology and venom characteristics set it apart, so that eventually a new genus was erected in which it was placed together with Hutton's viper, Tropidolaemus huttoni.
The terciopelo (Bothrops asper) [note 1] is a species of pit vipers, found from north-east Mexico to northern South America. [6] At low to moderate elevations, its habitat ranges from northeastern Mexico to Colombian and Ecuadorian Andes, as well as Venezuela. [3]
The jararacussu is a fairly large pit viper; growing up to 2.2 meters long, with a robust body and head and very aggressive behavior. The color of the body and head varies widely, the background color can be brown or yellow almost black, the pattern of dark and light scales are constituted in a series of dark arches, the spots form on the dorsal midline, which look like a letter x.