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Some scholars believe Zoroastrianism started as an Indo-Iranian polytheistic religion: according to Yujin Nagasawa, like the rest of the Zoroastrian texts, the Old Avesta does not teach monotheism. [21] By contrast, Md. Sayem characterizes Zoroastrianism as being one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world. [22]
Zoroastrianism has been said to have a "hatred of male anal intercourse" that is reflected in at least one mythological tale. When Ahriman, the "Spirit of Aridity and Death" and "Lord of Lies", sought to destroy the world, he engaged in self-sodomy. That caused an "explosion of evil power" and resulted in the birth of a host of evil minions. [11]
While the division along the lines of Zoroaster/astrology and Ostanes/magic is an "oversimplification, the descriptions do at least indicate what the works are not"; they were not expressions of Zoroastrian doctrine, they were not even expressions of what the Greeks and Romans "imagined the doctrines of Zoroastrianism to have been". [105]
The Avesta (/ ə ˈ v ɛ s t ə /, Persian: اوستا, romanized: avestâ) is the primary collection of religious literature of Zoroastrianism, [1] in which all texts are composed in the Avestan language and are written in the Avestan alphabet. [2]
Criticism of Zoroastrianism; ... The sacred thread and shirt also teach children responsibility, as they are to be untied before certain practices, such as prayer ...
On the other hand, scholars such as Ilya Gershevitch have argued that the Young Avestan Zoroastrianism is a syncretistic religion that formed from the fusion of Zarathustra's monotheisitc/dualistic teachings with the practices of polytheistic Iranian communities that were absorbed as the faith spread. [103]
The "three Persian religions" include: Zoroastrianism (xiān-jiào 祆教); The Christian Church of the East (jǐng-jiào 景教); Manichaeism (míng-jiào 明教); Zoroastrianism was first introduced to China during the early Northern and Southern dynasties period, while Christianity and Manichaeism were both introduced to the Central Plains during the Tang dynasty.
The Bundahishn is the concise view of the Zoroastrianism's creation myth, and of the first battles of the forces of Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu for the hegemony of the world. According to the text, in the first 3,000 years of the cosmic year, Ahura Mazda created the Fravashis and conceived the idea of his would-be creation.