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In mathematics, specifically functional analysis, a trace-class operator is a linear operator for which a trace may be defined, such that the trace is a finite number independent of the choice of basis used to compute the trace. This trace of trace-class operators generalizes the trace of matrices studied in linear algebra.
The trace of a Hermitian matrix is real, because the elements on the diagonal are real. The trace of a permutation matrix is the number of fixed points of the corresponding permutation, because the diagonal term a ii is 1 if the i th point is fixed and 0 otherwise. The trace of a projection matrix is the dimension of the target space.
Whereas the trace is a scalar-valued function on operators, the partial trace is an operator-valued function. The partial trace has applications in quantum information and decoherence which is relevant for quantum measurement and thereby to the decoherent approaches to interpretations of quantum mechanics , including consistent histories and ...
If the transmission is temporarily interrupted, or a bit slip event occurs, the receiver must re-synchronize. Frame synchronized PCM stream — telemetry application. The transmitter and the receiver must agree ahead of time on which frame synchronization scheme they will use. Common frame synchronization schemes are: Framing bit
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The name vaquita (pronounced VA-Keeta) means “little cow” in Spanish. Vaquitas are easy to recognize with their dark markings around their eyes and lips. They are about five feet long, have ...
In SyncE, there are several ways to synchronize nodes: External timing : The EEC obtains its signal from a stand-alone synchronization equipment (SASE). This is a typical way to synchronize, and the NE usually also has an extra reference signal for emergency situations.