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  2. History of central bank digital currencies by country - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_central_bank...

    The recent history of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) has been marked by continuous exploration and development.By March 2024, over 130 countries were actively engaged in CBDC research with 3 countries, territories or currency unions having launched CBDCs, and 36 implementing pilot programs.

  3. Central bank digital currency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank_digital_currency

    Although the term "CBDC" did not become widely used until after 2019, central banks have researched and launched digital currency projects for decades. For example, Finland's central bank issued the Avant stored value e-money card in the 1990s. [22] In 2014, the Chinese central bank began researching the idea of issuing a CBDC. [23]

  4. A History of the Book in America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_the_Book_in...

    A History of the Book in America is a five-volume series of scholarly books of essays published 2000–2010 by the University of North Carolina Press, and edited by David D. Hall. [1] Topics include printing, publishing, book selling, reading, and other aspects of print culture in colonial America and the United States.

  5. Following the long-awaited Fed discussion paper about the pros and cons of a potential U.S. central bank digital currency (CBDC) on Jan. 20, Bank of America economic analysts said they anticipate a...

  6. MBridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBridge

    A full-stack (front-end and back-end) CBDC system comprising a wholesale interbank system and a retail e-wallet system, bringing to life intermediated CBDC and stablecoins backed by CBDC in the interbank system. [9] Collaborators: BIS, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute

  7. Digital euro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_euro

    Retail CBDC for personal use; Wholesale CBDC for banks and savings banks; Bank money tokens [32] for industrial use; The Association of German Banks supports the introduction of a digital euro. In a position paper published in February 2023, the private banks emphasize the evolution of cash, their role in its issuance, its openness to ...

  8. BRICS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS

    BRICS Bridge—a successor to MBridge, and probably a merger with BRICS PAY—makes it possible for central banks to support cross-border transactions and payments with their own central bank digital currency (CBDC) based on an automatic cross-border Interbank payment system for settlement and clearance. It is designed to be independent of any ...

  9. Cashless society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashless_society

    [1] [2] Cashless societies have existed from the time when human society came into existence, based on barter and other methods of exchange, and cashless transactions have also become possible in modern times using credit cards, debit cards, mobile payments, and digital currencies such as bitcoin.