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calcium < 7 mg/dL or 25% decrease; Clinical tumor lysis syndrome: laboratory tumor lysis syndrome plus one or more of the following: increased serum creatinine (1.5 times upper limit of normal) cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death; seizure; A grading scale (0–5) is used depending on the presence of lab TLS, serum creatinine, arrhythmias, or ...
Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood serum. [5] The normal range of blood calcium is typically between 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), while levels less than 2.1 mmol/L are defined as hypocalcemic. [1] [3] [6] Mildly low levels that develop slowly often have no symptoms.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
Hypercalcemia occurs most commonly in breast cancer, lymphoma, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, myeloma, and colon cancer. [2] It may be caused by secretion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide by the tumor (which has the same action as parathyroid hormone), or may be a result of direct invasion of the bone, causing calcium ...
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. [6] Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. [10] As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, renal insufficiency, and infections may occur. [10]
It is the first of its kind to directly measure levels of calcium and magnesium in blood — a much more reliable method of assessing nutrient status. This, the authors hope, might provide clearer ...
The underlying mechanism involves replacement of normal bone marrow with leukemia cells, which results in a drop in red blood cells, platelets, and normal white blood cells. [1] Diagnosis is generally based on bone marrow aspiration and specific blood tests. [3] AML has several subtypes for which treatments and outcomes may vary. [1]
Trousseau sign of latent tetany is a medical sign observed in patients with low calcium. [1] From 1 to 4 percent of normal patients will test positive for Trousseau's sign of latent tetany. [ 2 ] This sign may be positive before other manifestations of hypocalcemia such as hyperreflexia and tetany , as such it is generally believed to be more ...