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Over the last fifty years courses for professionals working with children and families have made increasing use of infant and child observation as a central aspect of training. It has proved invaluable in increasing professional skills and in sensitising workers to the range of anxieties, difficulties and creative possibilities in each family. [5]
Early childhood is a critical period in a child's life that includes ages from birth to five years old. [1] [2] Psychological stress is an inevitable part of life. Human beings can experience stress from an early age. Although stress is a factor for the average human being, it can be a positive or negative molding aspect in a young child's life ...
John Locke. Early theories in child psychology were advocated by three famous theorists: John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Charles Darwin.They represent three famous schools of thought, namely the influence of the child’s environment, the role of the child’s cognitive development and the relationship with evolutionary origins of behavior.
The early years of a child's life are most critical to their development. [165] In understanding child behavior there are many different types ways to analyze it. [165] There is a multiple stage behavior model that it can be broken down into. [165]
I. Oral stage (birth to 2 years) Sarcasm, argumentativeness, greediness, acquisitiveness, overdependency II. Anal stage (2–4 years) Emotional outbursts such as rages and temper tantrums; compulsive orderliness and over controlled behavior III. Phallic stage (4–6 years) Problems with gender identification IV. Genital stage (puberty to adulthood)
Internationally, there is strong opposition to this type of ECCE curriculum and defence of a broad-based curriculum that supports a child’s overall development including health and physical development, emotional and spiritual well-being, social competence, intellectual development and communication skills. [12]
Psychotherapy that is based on the theory of Intrapsychic Humanism is called inner Humanism. Even when people receive less than ideal care growing up, they still possess their innate motive for genuine well-being. The goal of Inner Humanism is to reawaken and nurture this innate motive via the caregiving relationship with the therapist.
Carolyn Ingrid Saarni (May 13, 1945 – June 5, 2015) was a developmental psychologist known for groundbreaking research on children's development of emotional competence and emotional self-regulation, [1] and the role of parental influence in emotional socialization. [2]