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Mitral regurgitation, also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence, is the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, and into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, resulting in a systolic murmur radiating to the left armpit.
Mitral valve prolapse is frequently associated with mild mitral regurgitation, [15] where blood aberrantly flows from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. In the United States, MVP is the most common cause of severe, non-ischemic mitral regurgitation. [4]
Mitral regurgitation with NYHA functional class III-IV symptoms; Aortic and/or mitral valve disease resulting in severe pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary pressure greater than 75% of systemic pressures) Aortic and/or mitral valve disease with severe LV dysfunction (EF less than 0.40) Mechanical prosthetic valve requiring anticoagulation
Mitral regurgitation: the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium, owing to insufficiency of the mitral valve; it may be acute or chronic, and is usually due to mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, or a complication of cardiac dilatation. See also Mitral regurgitation.
Those with symptomatic 3+ or 4+ Chronic Moderate-to-severe or severe Mitral Regurgitation are not candidates for surgery [3] New York Heart Association Functional Class III or IV; Favorable anatomy: Mitral Valve area greater than 4.0 centimeter squared, Minimal Calcification/no cleft in grasping area, Flail width less than 15mm, flail gap less ...
By far the most serious adverse event is the occurrence of acute severe mitral regurgitation. Severe mitral regurgitation usually results from a tear in one of the valve leaflets or the subvalvular apparatus. It can lead to pulmonary edema and hemodynamic compromise, necessitating urgent surgical mitral valve replacement. [citation needed]
This can also produce a mid-diastolic murmur, such as in severe mitral regurgitation where a large regurgitant volume in the left atrium can lead to "functional mitral stenosis." Mid-diastolic Austin Flint murmur: An apical diastolic rumbling murmur in patients with pure aortic regurgitation.
Mitral valve prolapse: This is the most common cause of late systolic murmurs. It can be heard best over the apex of the heart, usually preceded by clicks. The most common cause of mitral valve prolapse is "floppy" valve (Barlow's) syndrome. If the prolapse becomes severe enough, mitral regurgitation may occur.