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A network solid or covalent network solid (also called atomic crystalline solids or giant covalent structures) [1] [2] is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material.
Solids can be classified according to the nature of the bonding between their atomic or molecular components. The traditional classification distinguishes four kinds of bonding: [1] Covalent bonding, which forms network covalent solids (sometimes called simply "covalent solids") Ionic bonding, which forms ionic solids
In chemistry, a formula unit is the smallest unit of a non-molecular substance, such as an ionic compound, covalent network solid, or metal. [1] [2] It can also refer to the chemical formula for that unit. Those structures do not consist of discrete molecules, and so for them, the term formula unit is used.
Molecular solids have low melting (T m) and boiling (T b) points compared to metal (iron), ionic (sodium chloride), and covalent solids (diamond). [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 8 ] [ 13 ] Examples of molecular solids with low melting and boiling temperatures include argon , water , naphthalene , nicotine , and caffeine (see table below).
There are distinct differences between crystalline solids and amorphous solids: most notably, the process of forming a glass does not release the latent heat of fusion, but forming a crystal does. A crystal structure (an arrangement of atoms in a crystal) is characterized by its unit cell , a small imaginary box containing one or more atoms in ...
Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN.It exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice.
In organic chemistry, covalent bonding is much more common than ionic bonding. Covalent bonding also includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agostic interactions, bent bonds, three-center two-electron bonds and three-center four-electron bonds. [2] [3] The term covalent bond dates from 1939 ...
In chemistry, crystallography, and materials science, the coordination number, also called ligancy, of a central atom in a molecule or crystal is the number of atoms, molecules or ions bonded to it. The ion/molecule/atom surrounding the central ion/molecule/atom is called a ligand. This number is determined somewhat differently for molecules ...