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Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction—in other words, it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles. This property means that drugs that affect cholinergic systems can have very dangerous effects ranging from paralysis to convulsions .
Both groups released synaptic vesicles from isolated synaptosomes by osmotic shock. The content of acetylcholine in a vesicle was originally estimated to be 1000–2000 molecules. [39] Subsequent work identified the vesicular localization of other neurotransmitters, such as amino acids, catecholamines, serotonin, and ATP.
This prevents interaction between the acetylcholine released by the presynaptic terminal and the receptors on the postsynaptic cell. In effect, the opening of sodium channels associated with these acetylcholine receptors is prohibited, resulting in a neuromuscular blockade, similar to the effects seen due to presynaptic neurotoxins.
Blocks acetylcholine release in PNS Prevents muscle contractions Black widow spider venom Acetylcholine – Agonist Promotes acetylcholine release in PNS Stimulates muscle contractions Neostigmine Acetylcholine – – Interferes with acetylcholinerase activity Increases effects of ACh at receptors Used to treat myasthenia gravis Nicotine ...
The release of a neurotransmitter is triggered by the arrival of a nerve impulse ... curare is a poison that stops acetylcholine from depolarizing the postsynaptic ...
At the synapses within the ganglia, preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on postganglionic neurons. In response to this stimulus, the postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine, which activates adrenergic receptors that are present on the peripheral target tissues ...
Acetylcholine is known to promote wakefulness in the basal forebrain. Stimulating the basal forebrain gives rise to acetylcholine release, which induces wakefulness and REM sleep , whereas inhibition of acetylcholine release in the basal forebrain by adenosine causes slow wave sleep .
The neurotransmitters of postganglionic fibers differ: In the parasympathetic division, neurons are cholinergic.That is to say acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for the communication between neurons on the parasympathetic pathway.