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A pseudo-noise code (PN code) or pseudo-random-noise code (PRN code) is one that has a spectrum similar to a random sequence of bits but is deterministically generated. The most commonly used sequences in direct-sequence spread spectrum systems are maximal length sequences, Gold codes, Kasami codes, and Barker codes.
There are two navigation message types: LNAV-L is used by satellites with PRN numbers 1 to 32 (called lower PRN numbers) and LNAV-U is used by satellites with PRN numbers 33 to 63 (called upper PRN numbers). [9] The two types use very similar formats. Subframes 1 to 3 are the same, [10] while subframes 4 and 5 are almost the same. Each message ...
Samples of three GPS satellites' orbits over a five-year period (2013 to 2018) USA-242 · USA-239 · USA-151 · Earth As of 22 January 2025, 83 Global Positioning System navigation satellites have been built: 31 are launched and operational, 3 are in reserve or testing, 43 are retired, 2 were lost during launch, and 1 prototype was never launched. 3 Block III satellites have completed ...
All satellites broadcast at the same two frequencies, 1.57542 GHz (L1 signal) and 1.2276 GHz (L2 signal). The satellite network uses a CDMA spread-spectrum technique [167]: 607 where the low-bitrate message data is encoded with a high-rate pseudo-random (PRN) sequence that is different for each satellite. The receiver must be aware of the PRN ...
BeiDou-1, first generation experimental satellite - BeiDou-1B 20 December 2000 16:20 Xichang, LC-2 Long March 3A: N/A GEO 80° E Retired December 2011: BeiDou-1, first generation experimental satellite - BeiDou-1C 24 May 2003 16:34 Xichang, LC-2 Long March 3A: N/A GEO 110.5° E Retired December 2012: BeiDou-1, first generation experimental ...
The new satellite was originally intended to replace the seventeen-year-old USA-117 satellite, [6] but currently both USA-117 (SVN-33) and USA-242 (SVN-66) are in active use. [7] USA-242 broadcasts its navigation signals using the PRN-27 signal modulation. United Launch Alliance conducted the launch of GPS IIF-4, using an Atlas V 401 carrier ...
For the giant planets, the "radius" is defined as the distance from the center at which the atmosphere reaches 1 bar of atmospheric pressure. [ 11 ] Because Sedna and 2002 MS 4 have no known moons, directly determining their mass is impossible without sending a probe (estimated to be from 1.7x10 21 to 6.1×10 21 kg for Sedna [ 12 ] ).
Satellite Launch date/time (UTC) Carrier rocket Launch site Launch block Satellite type GC number Orbital plane [2] Slot [2] Status / Retirement [2] [a] [needs update] Kosmos 1413: 12 October 1982 14:57 Proton-K DM-2: Baikonur, Site 200/39: 1 I: 711 I 1 12 January 1984: Kosmos 1490: 10 August 1983 18:24 Proton-K DM-2: Baikonur, Site 200/39: 2 I ...