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Persephone and Dionysos. Roman copy after a Greek original of the 4th–3rd century B.C. Marble. Hermitage.. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Persephone (/ p ər ˈ s ɛ f ə n iː / pər-SEF-ə-nee; Greek: Περσεφόνη, romanized: Persephónē, classical pronunciation: [per.se.pʰó.nɛː]), also called Kore (/ ˈ k ɔːr iː / KOR-ee; Greek: Κόρη, romanized: Kórē, lit.
In Greek cosmogony, the god received the rule of the underworld in a three-way division of sovereignty over the world, with his brother Zeus ruling the sky and his other brother Poseidon sovereign over the sea. His central narrative in myth is of him abducting Persephone to be his wife and the queen of his realm. [2]
Proserpina (/ p r oʊ ˈ s ɜːr p ɪ n ə / proh-SUR-pih-nə; [1] Latin: [proːˈsɛrpɪna]) or Proserpine (/ ˈ p r ɒ s ər p aɪ n / PROSS-ər-pyne [1]) is an ancient Roman goddess whose iconography, functions and myths are virtually identical to those of Greek Persephone.
After Hades abducted Persephone and kept her in the Underworld, Persephone consumed some pomegranate seeds without anyone's notice. Ascalaphus, a resident of the Underworld, witnessed that, and informed the other gods, forcing Persephone to spend a portion of the year in the Underworld. For this Persephone turned Ascalaphus into a short-eared owl.
Key: The names of groups of gods or other mythological beings are given in italic font. Key: The names of the Titans have a green background. Key: Dotted lines show a marriage or affair. Key: Solid lines show children.
Subsequently, Hecate became Persephone's companion on her yearly journey to and from the realms of Hades, serving as a psychopomp. Because of this association, Hecate was one of the chief goddesses of the Eleusinian Mysteries, alongside Demeter and Persephone, [4] and there was a temple dedicated to her near the main sanctuary at Eleusis. [29]
In other versions, Persephone herself is the one who kills and turns Minthe into a plant for sleeping with Hades. [ 129 ] [ 130 ] [ 131 ] In an Argive myth, when Demeter arrived in Argolis , a man named Colontas refused to receive her in his house, whereas his daughter Chthonia disapproved of his actions.
A votive plaque known as the Ninnion Tablet depicting elements of the Eleusinian Mysteries, discovered in the sanctuary at Eleusis (mid-4th century BC). The Eleusinian Mysteries (Greek: Ἐλευσίνια Μυστήρια, romanized: Eleusínia Mystḗria) were initiations held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone based at the Panhellenic Sanctuary of Eleusis in ancient Greece.