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MDI canister and actuator components from H&T Presspart. A metered-dose inhaler consists of three major components: the canister, which is produced in aluminum or stainless steel by means of deep drawing, where the formulation resides; the metering valve, which allows a metered quantity of the formulation to be dispensed with each actuation; and an actuator (or mouthpiece) which enables the ...
As little as 10 mL of pure methanol when drunk is metabolized into formic acid, which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve. 15 mL is potentially fatal, [1] although the median lethal dose is typically 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) (i.e. 1–2 mL/kg body weight of pure methanol). [4] Reference dose for methanol is 0.5 mg/kg/day. [9]
An inhaler (puffer, asthma pump or allergy spray) is a medical device used for delivering medicines into the lungs through the work of a person's breathing. This allows medicines to be delivered to and absorbed in the lungs, which provides the ability for targeted medical treatment to this specific region of the body, as well as a reduction in the side effects of oral medications.
Initially CO 2 was thought to work through anoxia, but in the early 1900, increased CO 2 in the lung showed a dramatic increase oxygenation of the brain disproving the anoxia argument. [11] Prior to the development of modern anesthetics, CO 2 was used extensively by psychiatrists in a treatment called carbon dioxide inhalation therapy.
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI); the mouthpiece slots into the back of the spacer.. To use an inhaler without a spacer requires coordinating several actions in a set order (pressing down on the inhaler, breathing in deeply as soon as the medication is released, holding your breath, exhaling), and not everyone is able to master this sequence.
In medicine, a nebulizer (American English) [1] or nebuliser (British English) [2] is a drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs. Nebulizers are commonly used for the treatment of asthma , cystic fibrosis , COPD and other respiratory diseases or disorders.
[1] [2] [8] [6] Difficulties in gastrointestinal absorption caused by pH, enzymatic activity and drug-food interactions can be minimized, while at the same time avoiding GI irritation. [1] [2] [6] The topical dosage form allows stable and continuous drug delivery to the site of application, [2] while having a faster drug release than ointments ...
Hexafluoro-2-propanol has very low acute toxicity, hence its use as a precursor to anesthetics. Although it has low acute toxicity, it is a strong irritant to skin and eyes. [2] Animal experiments show possible adverse effects on fertility, [10] placing HFIP as a reproductive toxicity category 2 material. [11]