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Statutory sick pay (SSP) is a United Kingdom social security benefit. It is paid by an employer to all employees who are off work because of sickness for longer than 3 consecutive workdays (or 3 non-consecutive workdays falling within an 8-week period) but less than 28 weeks and who normally pay National Insurance contributions (NICs), often referred to as earning above the Lower Earnings ...
The State Earnings Related Pension Scheme (SERPS), originally known as the State Earnings Related Pension Supplement, was a UK Government pension arrangement, to which employees and employers contributed between 6 April 1978 and 5 April 2002, when it was replaced by the State Second Pension.
The SOC classifies jobs according to the level and specialisation of skill. [1] The SOC was introduced in 1990. [2] It has undergone several revisions; the latest, SOC 2020, includes nine major groups of occupations, each broken down into smaller units: there are 26 sub-major groups, 104 minor groups and 412 unit groups. [1]
The total annual budget of the department in 2011–12 was £151.6 billion, representing approximately 28% of total UK Government spending. [40] The department spends a far greater share of national wealth than any other department in Britain, by a wide margin.
The SOC was established in 1977, and revised by a committee representing specialists from across U.S. government agencies in the 1990s. [12] SOC codes were updated again in 2010, and on November 28, 2017, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) published a Federal Register notice detailing the final decisions for the 2018 SOC. [13]
While self-employed people generally pay the same income tax (albeit with more exemptions and deductions [109]) they pay 9% in National Insurance contributions, while an employee pays 12%. In addition, the employee's employer makes a standard 13.8% contribution, while the "self-employed" person has no employer to make such a contribution.
Where no allowances exist, code BR is used to tax at basic rate (20%), code D0 is used to tax at higher rate (40%) and code D1 is used to tax at the additional rate (45%). If no tax is to be collected, code NT is used. If tax has to be collected on an income above PAYE earnings, a K code is used. This works as equivalent to a negative tax ...
As the role of the Chief Actuary expanded, the post of Government Actuary was created in 1917. The Government Actuary's Department was formed 2 years later. The role of GAD within government expanded significantly in the 1940s and 1950s, coinciding with an expansion of the state's role in pensions, social security and health care.