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ASCII code points that are invalid URI characters may be encoded the same way, depending on implementation. [6] This conversion is easily reversible; by definition, converting an IRI to an URI and back again will yield an IRI that is semantically equivalent to the original IRI, even though it may differ in exact representation. [7]
A URI has a scheme that refers to a specification for assigning identifiers within that scheme. As such, the URI syntax is a federated and extensible naming system wherein each scheme's specification may further restrict the syntax and semantics of identifiers using that scheme. The URI generic syntax is a superset of the syntax of all URI schemes.
URI schemes registered with the IANA, both provisional and fully approved, are listed in its registry for Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Schemes. These include well known ones like: file - File URI scheme; ftp – File Transfer Protocol; http – Hypertext Transfer Protocol; https – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a form of URL that includes Unicode characters. All modern browsers support IRIs. The parts of the URL requiring special treatment for different alphabets are the domain name and path. [18] [19] The domain name in the IRI is known as an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN).
The single slash between host and path denotes the start of the local-path part of the URI and must be present. [5] A valid file URI must therefore begin with either file:/path (no hostname), file:///path (empty hostname), or file://hostname/path. file://path (i.e. two slashes, without a hostname) is never correct, but is often used.
A Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that uses the urn scheme.URNs are globally unique persistent identifiers assigned within defined namespaces so they will be available for a long period of time, even after the resource which they identify ceases to exist or becomes unavailable. [1]
URI- and IRI-compatibility There is a specified way to express XRIs in the form of URIs Cross-references An XRI can contain another XRI (or a URI), to any level of nesting. This enables the construction of structured, "tagged" identifiers that enable identifier sharing across domains the same way XML enables data sharing across domains.
In HTTP, "Referer" (a misspelling of "Referrer" [1]) is an optional HTTP header field that identifies the address of the web page (i.e., the URI or IRI) from which the resource has been requested. By checking the referrer, the server providing the new web page can see where the request originated.