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Although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction, it is an unusual one because of the slow, controlled release of energy from the series of reactions. Nutrients that are commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include sugar, amino acids and fatty acids, and the most common oxidizing agent is molecular oxygen (O 2).
This improves respiration after feeding and allows these animals, which use the cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton, to control the water pressure in the cavity without expelling undigested food. [11] Cnidaria that carry photosynthetic symbionts may have the opposite problem, an excess of oxygen, which may prove toxic.
The labyrinth organs, a defining characteristic of fish in the suborder Anabantoidei, is a much-folded suprabranchial accessory breathing organ.It is formed by vascularized expansion of the epibranchial bone of the first gill arch and used for respiration in air.
Siphons in molluscs are tube-like structures in which water (or, more rarely, air) flows. The water flow is used for one or more purposes such as locomotion, feeding, respiration, and reproduction. The siphon is part of the mantle of the mollusc, and the water flow is directed to (or from) the mantle cavity.
Some obligate anaerobes use fermentation, while others use anaerobic respiration. [12] Aerotolerant organisms are strictly fermentative. [13] In the presence of oxygen, facultative anaerobes use aerobic respiration. [7] In the absence of oxygen, some facultative anaerobes use fermentation, while others may use anaerobic respiration. [7]
Sponges lack specialised respiratory structures, and the whole of the animal acts as a gill as water is drawn through its spongy structure. [13] Aquatic arthropods usually have gills which are in most cases modified appendages. In some crustaceans these are exposed directly to the water, while in others, they are protected inside a gill chamber ...
Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. [1] The two main processes that contribute to ecosystem respiration are photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis uses carbon-dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen whereas cellular ...
In very small animals, plants and bacteria, simple diffusion of gaseous metabolites is sufficient for respiratory function and no special adaptations are found to aid respiration. Passive diffusion or active transport are also sufficient mechanisms for many larger aquatic animals such as many worms, jellyfish, sponges, bryozoans and similar ...