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[1] [3] To prevent this, fluorescent tubes are connected to the power line through a ballast. The ballast adds positive impedance (AC resistance) to the circuit to counteract the negative resistance of the tube, limiting the current. [1] Several American magnetic ballasts for fluorescent lamps. The top is a rapid start series autoregulator ...
The efficacy of fluorescent tubes ranges from about 16 lumens per watt for a 4 watt tube with an ordinary ballast to over 100 lumens per watt [51] with a modern electronic ballast, commonly averaging 50 to 67 lm/W overall. [52] Ballast loss can be about 25% of the lamp power with magnetic ballasts, and around 10% with electronic ballasts.
lighter cathodes that can only handle a lower amount of power. They will function as a standard 40 W lamp on full-power ballasts, but may not last as long. These lamps are typically rated to last for 12,000 hours on a residential-grade ballast and only 6000 hours on a commercial-grade one. T12 1.5, 38 4 32 F40T12/ESP
Non-integrated CFLs have the ballast permanently installed in the luminaire, and usually only the fluorescent tube is changed at its end of life. Since the ballasts are placed in the light fixture, they are larger and last longer compared to the integrated ones, and they do not need to be replaced when the tube reaches its end-of-life.
In the US, ballasts for mercury-vapor lamps for general illumination, excluding specialty application mercury-vapor lamp ballasts, were banned after January 1, 2008. [19] Because of this, several manufacturers have begun selling replacement compact fluorescent (CFL) and light emitting diode (LED) bulbs for mercury-vapor fixtures, which do not ...
If power is removed and reapplied, the ballast will make a new series of startup attempts. LPS lamp failure does not result in cycling; rather, the lamp will simply not strike or will maintain the dull red glow of the start-up phase. In another failure mode, a tiny puncture of the arc tube leaks some of the sodium vapor into the outer vacuum bulb.