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The word pedigree is a corruption of the Anglo-Norman French pé de grue or "crane's foot", either because the typical lines and split lines (each split leading to different offspring of the one parent line) resemble the thin leg and foot of a crane [3] or because such a mark was used to denote succession in pedigree charts. [4]
In this pedigree chart, G is the progeny of C and F, and C is the biological uncle of F. To find the coefficient of inbreeding of G, first locate a loop that leads from G to the common ancestor through one parent and back down to the other parent without going through the same individual twice.
The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of relationship was defined by Sewall Wright in 1922, and was derived from his definition of the coefficient of inbreeding of 1921.
Ahnentafel, also known as the Eytzinger Method, Sosa Method, and Sosa-Stradonitz Method, allows for the numbering of ancestors beginning with a descendant.This system allows one to derive an ancestor's number without compiling the complete list, and allows one to derive an ancestor's relationship based on their number.
Pedigree chart, a document to record ancestry, used by genealogists in study of human family lines, and in selective breeding of other animals Pedigree, a human genealogy (ancestry chart) Pedigree (animal), a breed registry Purebred, or "pedigreed" animal with a recorded lineage
[2] Bryan Sykes, a molecular biologist at Oxford University, tested the new methodology in general surname research. [3] His study of the Sykes surname, published in 2000, obtained results by looking at four STR markers on the male chromosome. It pointed the way to genetics becoming a valuable assistant in the service of genealogy and history. [4]
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However, a tree produces the same result as a Punnett square in less time and with more clarity. The example below assesses another double-heterozygote cross using RrYy x RrYy. As stated above, the phenotypic ratio is expected to be 9:3:3:1 if crossing unlinked genes from two double-heterozygotes.