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A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.
The National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) or ANSI Standard C2 is a United States standard of the safe installation, operation, and maintenance of electric power and communication utility systems including power substations, power and communication overhead lines, and power and communication underground lines.
Most of the world uses 50 Hz 220 or 230 V single phase, or 400 V three-phase for residential and light industrial services. In this system, the primary distribution network supplies a few substations per area, and the 230 V / 400 V power from each substation is directly distributed to end users over a region of normally less than 1 km radius.
When power outages occur, you may hear officials use unfamiliar words as they explain the situation or provide updates. We explain a few common terms. What is a substation?
Frazer substation on the Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line Old substation remote control panel at Paoli interlocking tower A one-line diagram of the 1930 era substation at Bowie, MD The large substation at the Safe Harbor dam is one of the minority that steps-up 25 Hz power to 138 kV for long distance transmission.
Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating site, such as a power plant, to an electrical substation. The interconnected lines that facilitate this movement form a transmission network .
Any conducting object connected to the substation earth ground, such as telephone wires, rails, fences, or metallic piping, may also be energized at the ground potential in the substation. This transferred potential is a hazard to people and equipment outside the substation. A computer calculation of the voltage gradient around a small substation.
It was last approved on the 28th September, 2017. The standard governs requirements for the grounding and insulation of substations for safety purposes. The standard, along with IEEE P81, is widely used within the industry in power applications.