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The Romantic era of play was followed by the Scientific, Hypermodern, and New Dynamism eras. [1] In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began, and the first official World Chess Championship was held in 1886.
1471 – The Göttingen manuscript is the first book to deal solely with chess. 1474 – William Caxton publishes The Game and Playe of Chesse, the first chess book in English. 1475–1525 – Castling and the modern moves for the queen and bishop are slowly adopted. 1475 – Scachs d'amor the first published game of modern chess, written as a ...
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) held the first major chess tournament for computers, the North American Computer Chess Championship, in September 1970. CHESS 3.0, a chess program from Northwestern University, won the championship. The first World Computer Chess Championship, held in 1974, was won by the Soviet program Kaissa.
The World Chess Championship 1886 was the first official World Chess Championship match contested by Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort.The match took place in the United States from 11 January to 29 March, the first five games being played in New York City, the next four being played in St. Louis and the final eleven in New Orleans.
The first documented chess game played with the modern queen and bishop moves; the moves were described in the poem Scachs d'amor. [1] 1623: Greco–NN, London 1623.
Chess books by authors such as Ruy López de Segura and Gioachino Greco became widely studied. Chess was the favored game of Voltaire, Rousseau, Benjamin Franklin and Napoleon. [64] In 1851, the first international chess tournament was held in London and won by Adolf Anderssen. Soon after modern time control rules were adopted for competitive play.
Emanuel Lasker (left) facing incumbent champion Wilhelm Steinitz (right) in Philadelphia during the 1894 World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship has taken various forms over time, including both match and tournament play. While the concept of a world champion of chess had already existed for decades, with several events considered by some to have established the world's foremost ...
Created by Hungarian inventor Wolfgang von Kempelen, the Mechanical Turk, a life sized human model, debuted in 1770 as the world's first autonomous chess robot. The Mechanical Turk could play chess and beat opponents, even going as far as solving the iconic knight's tour chess puzzle. The Mechanical Turk remained in operation from 1770 to 1854 ...