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Pleural empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity caused by microorganisms, usually bacteria. [1] Often it happens in the context of a pneumonia , injury, or chest surgery. [ 1 ] It is one of the various kinds of pleural effusion .
An empyema (/ ˌ ɛ m p aɪ ˈ iː m ə /; from Ancient Greek ἐμπύημα (empúēma) 'abscess') is a collection or gathering of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity. The term is most commonly used to refer to pleural empyema , [ 1 ] which is empyema of the pleural cavity .
Blood that remains within the pleural space can become infected, and is known as an empyema. [3] It occurs in 3–4% of traumatic cases, [ 9 ] and 27-33% of retained hemothoraces. [ 37 ] It is more likely in people who develop shock, had a contaminated pleural space during the injury, persistent bronchopleural fistulae , and lung contusions.
Pleurisy Pleural linings and space (marked in blue) The pleural space can be invaded by fluid, air, and particles from other parts of the body, which fairly complicates diagnosis. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Viral infection ( coxsackie B virus , HRSV , CMV , adenovirus , EBV , parainfluenza , influenza , COVID-19 ) is the most common cause of pleurisy.
A parapneumonic effusion is a type of pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity) that arises as a result of a pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. [1] There are three types of parapneumonic effusions: uncomplicated effusions, complicated effusions, and empyema. Uncomplicated effusions generally respond well to ...
A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.6 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5–15 millilitres of fluid, which helps to maintain a functional ...
A technique called pleurodesis can be used to intentionally create scar tissue within the pleural space, usually as a treatment for repeated episodes of a punctured lung, known as a pneumothorax, or for pleural effusions caused by cancer. While this procedure usually generates only limited scar tissue, in rare cases a fibrothorax can develop.
The concept of chest drainage was first advocated by Hippocrates when he described the treatment of empyema by means of incision, cautery and insertion of metal tubes. [2] However, the technique was not widely used until the influenza epidemic of 1918 to evacuate post-pneumonic empyema, which was first documented by Dr. C. Pope, on a 22-month ...