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Posts and poles can be treated directly on endangered areas, but should be treated at least 30 cm (0.98 ft) above the future ground level. The depth obtained during regular steeping periods varies from 5 to 10 mm (0.20 to 0.39 in) up to 30 mm (1.2 in) by sap pine.
But even with chemical treatments (such as chromated copper arsenate or CCA), pine decking is not as durable as cedars in an outdoor environment. Thus, many municipalities and homeowners are turning to hardwoods. Decks are often built from pressure-treated wood. Pressure-treated wood is long lasting and holds up to wet and icy conditions.
Genuine industrial scale ThermoWood process was developed in Finland in 1990's. The process was patented. ThermoWood is a registered trademark owned by the International ThermoWood Association. The legal right to use the ThermoWood trademark is held by the permanent members of the association. [11] A new ThermoWood Handbook was published in May ...
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a wood preservative containing compounds of chromium, copper, and arsenic, in various proportions.It is used to impregnate timber and other wood products, especially those intended for outdoor use, in order to protect them from attack by microbes and insects.
It is not suitable for outdoor use, as rain can leach the protective chemicals from the wood, exposing it to fungus and insect attacks. Excessive moisture will also cause the wood to warp and rot. Among the items that use rubberwood are the French teething toy, Sophie the Giraffe , which has been manufactured in France since 1961 and of which ...
Softwoods such as pine are typically much lighter and easier to process than hardwoods such as fruit tree wood. The density of softwoods ranges from 350 kg/m 3 to 700 kg/m 3, while hardwoods are 450 kg/m 3 to 1250 kg/m 3. Once dried, both consist of approximately 12% of moisture (Desch and Dinwoodie, 1996).