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A gas holder or gasholder, also known as a gasometer, is a large container in which natural gas or town gas (coal gas or formerly also water gas) is stored near atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures. The volume of the container follows the quantity of stored gas, with pressure coming from the weight of a movable cap.
Gas-holders, Reading. The gas holder or gasometer was a tank used for storage of the gas and to maintain even pressure in distribution pipes. The gas holder usually consisted of an upturned steel bell contained within a large frame that guided it as it rose and fell depending on the amount of gas it contained. [2]
During World War II, the site was bombed in 1940, damaging several of the gasholders. Gasholder number 5 was subsequently removed, and the frame of gasholder number 3 was removed, leaving a circular lake. [5] In 1949, the GLCC was nationalised, with the site falling under the ownership of the North Thames Gas Board. [6] [7]
When it was shelled by allied forces it did not explode, but the gas burned up and the pressure disc slowly descended. The Gasometer officially stopped operating 31 December 1944. It was completely disassembled after it had caught fire during repair work on 10 June 1946. Reconstruction began 1949 using the original pressure disc and roof.
The holder or floating vessel is the storage reservoir for the gas, and it serves the purpose of equalizing the distribution of the gas under pressure, and ensures a continuity of supply, while gas remains in the holder. They are cylindrical like an inverted beaker and work up and down in the tank.
The connection nozzle allowing the stored gas to enter the gasholder from the supply gas main. Outlet nozzle For the export of the stored gas, this nozzle comes complete with an anti-vacuum grid to protect the sealing membrane during depressurisation. Depending on the operational process the inlet and outlet nozzles maybe a shared connection.
After just two days, on August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered, and World War II gas rationing was ended on the West Coast of the United States. [17] [18] Posters with, 'When you ride ALONE you ride with Hitler!' were created to reinforce the message that it is the Americans patriotic duty to share rides to help the war cause.
A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced. Poisonous agents used include hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide .