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The Industrial Revolution was followed by the phase of high industrialization during the German Empire. The (catch-up) Industrial Revolution in Germany differed from that of the pioneering country of Great Britain in that the key industries became not the textile industry but coal production, steel production and railroad construction.
The Political Economy of Germany in the Twentieth Century (U of California Press, 2020). Henderson, William O. The State and the Industrial Revolution in Prussia, 1740-1870 (1958) Holborn, Hajo. A History of Modern Germany (3 vol 1959–64); vol 1: The Reformation; vol 2: 1648–1840; vol 3. 1840–1945; James, Harold.
This Second Industrial Revolution gradually grew to include chemicals, mainly the chemical industries, petroleum (refining and distribution), and, in the 20th century, the automotive industry, and was marked by a transition of technological leadership from Britain to the United States and Germany.
The Industrial Revolution brought factories to Europe, especially England and Scotland, 1750s to 1830s. France and the U.S. experienced its industrial revolution in the early 19th century; Germany in the 19th century; and to Russia in the early-mid 20th century.
The first German company to introduce the eight-hour day was Degussa in 1884. The eight-hour day for industrial workers was signed into law during the German Revolution of 1918 by the new Social Democratic government. [22] The eight-hour day was a concession to the workers' and soldiers' soviets, and was unpopular among industrialists.
The painting Germania, possibly by Philipp Veit, hung inside the Frankfurt parliament, the first national parliament in German history. The German revolutions of 1848–1849 (German: Deutsche Revolution 1848/1849), the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution (German: Märzrevolution), were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries.
When industrial development was taken into account, the policy of reforms is seen to certainly be centred on the encouragement of rural industry in the historic Prussian territories, thus allowing the onset of Prussia's Industrial Revolution.
During the industrial revolution in Germany more and more people became workers in the factories. They moved to the big industrial centers providing workforce in industrialisations key branches such as fuel generating coal mines, textile industry and steel and railway factories. [12]