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Serial-position effect is the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst. [1] The term was coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus through studies he performed on himself, and refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. [ 2 ]
Like the forgetting curve, the learning curve is exponential. Ebbinghaus had also documented the serial position effect , which describes how the position of an item affects recall. The two main concepts in the serial position effect are recency and primacy.
Experiments have shown that in comparison to free recall, the serial recall learning curve increases linearly with the number of trials. The purpose of a study by Bruner, Miller, and Zimmerman (1955) was to determine if this learning difference is a result of the order in which the participant sees the items, or if it is instead dependent on ...
Since there are more nearby serial positions to middle items in a set, there are therefore more opportunities for mixing-up items. On the other hand, there are very few serial positions nearby to the first and last position, and therefore these positions may be remembered more accurately (or mistaken less).
Serial-order also helps us remember the order of events in our lives, our autobiographical memories. Our memory of our past appears to exist on a continuum on which more recent events are more easily remembered in order. [21] Serial recall in long-term memory (LTM) differs from serial recall in short-term memory (STM). To store a sequence in ...
Serial memory processing; Serial-position effect; Short-term memory; Sleep and memory; Socioeconomic status and memory; Source amnesia; Source-monitoring error; Sparse distributed memory; Spatial memory; Spike-timing-dependent plasticity; Spreading activation; Storage (memory) Subvocal recognition; Subvocalization; Suspense
primacy and recency pages should be merged in; graph is missing reference/citation (it actually doesn't look like a standard serial position curve). Note: the SPE shows mainly primacy in serial recall and mainly recency in free recall, backward serial recall, probed recall, and cued recall This page needs substantial updating.
A log–log plot of y = x (blue), y = x 2 (green), and y = x 3 (red). Note the logarithmic scale markings on each of the axes, and that the log x and log y axes (where the logarithms are 0) are where x and y themselves are 1.