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In medicine, the Ilizarov apparatus is a type of external fixation apparatus used in orthopedic surgery to lengthen or to reshape the damaged bones of an arm or a leg; used as a limb-sparing technique for treating complex fractures and open bone fractures; and used to treat an infected non-union of bones, which cannot be surgically resolved.
A 2011 study reported histologically confirmed hyaline cartilage regrowth in the knee. The successful protocol involved arthroscopic microdrilling/ microfracture surgery followed by postoperative injections of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) and hyaluronic acid. [15]
Valgus osteotomy. The black line is the mechanical axis. Knee osteotomy is commonly used to realign arthritic damage on one side of the knee. The goal is to shift the patient's body weight off the damaged area to the other side of the knee, where the cartilage is still healthy.
After about ten months, the patient should be able to return to normal daily activities, although the operated leg may be significantly weaker than the non-operated leg. [ 67 ] For post-operative knee replacement patients, immobility is a factor precipitated by pain and other complications.
If the joint cannot be reduced in the emergency department, then emergency surgery is recommended. [2] In those with signs of arterial injury, immediate surgery is generally carried out. [3] If the joint does not stay reduced external fixation may be needed. [2] If the nerves and artery are intact the ligaments may be repaired after a few days ...
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A positive test occurs with inability to adduct the leg due to iliotibial band shortening. The Thomas test is used to detect excessive tightness of the iliotibial band. In this test the patient holds the unaffected leg to their chest while the examiner straightens and lowers the other leg to a horizonal position, inability to fully straighten ...
This unites the fractured bones, reconstructing the straightening mechanism of the leg. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] If the patella is broken in several places, that is comminuted, then traditionally a patellectomy (removal of the whole patella) is performed in order to reconstruct the extensor mechanism and prevent the onset of an extension lag at the knee ...