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In embryology, the nasal placode (or olfactory placode [1]) gives rise to the olfactory epithelium of the nose. Two nasal placodes arise as thickened ectoderm from the frontonasal process . They give rise to the nose , the philtrum of the upper lip , and the primary palate .
They thicken and sink in to form Nasal Pits, which deepen to form the Nasal Sacs. At the same time, mesodermal cells proliferate around the placodes, and the sides of these swellings form the medial and lateral nasal prominences. The lateral nasal prominence is separated from the maxillary prominence by the nasolacrimal groove. [4] [9]
The medial nasal process (nasomedial) on the inner side of each nasal pit merge into the intermaxillary segment and form the upper lip, crest, and tip of the nose. [1] The medial nasal processes merge with the maxillary prominences. The lateral nasal process from each side merge to form the alae of the nose. [1]
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The cranial placodes that have neurogenic potential (i.e. give rise to neurons) can be divided into two groups, the dorsolateral placodes and the epibranchial placodes. [1] dorsolateral placodes includes: The trigeminal placode, [3] which consists of ophthalmic and maxillomandibular parts, and gives rise to the cells of the trigeminal ganglion
The nasal placodes are also known as the olfactory placodes. This development is induced by the ventral part of the forebrain. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] In the sixth week, the ectoderm in each nasal placode invaginates to form an indented oval-shaped pit, which forms a surrounding raised ridge of tissue. [ 49 ]
The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. In humans, it measures 5 cm 2 (0.78 sq in) [1] and lies on the roof of the nasal cavity about 7 cm (2.8 in) above and behind the nostrils. [2] The olfactory epithelium is the part of the olfactory system directly responsible for ...
Choanal atresia is caused by problems with the development of the nasal cavity and the palate. Development begins with neural crest cells. Frontonasal processes fold, forming nasal placodes (nasal pits). The nasobuccal membrane must rupture in places to form the choanae. A number of theories exist as to how this developmental process causes ...