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  2. Characteristic (algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_(algebra)

    For example, if p is prime and q(X) is an irreducible polynomial with coefficients in the field with p elements, then the quotient ring [] / (()) is a field of characteristic p. Another example: The field C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } of complex numbers contains Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } , so the characteristic of C {\displaystyle \mathbb ...

  3. Local field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_field

    Non-Archimedean local fields of characteristic p (for p any given prime number): the field of formal Laurent series F q ((T)) over a finite field F q, where q is a power of p. In particular, of importance in number theory, classes of local fields show up as the completions of algebraic number fields with respect to their discrete valuation ...

  4. Indicator function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicator_function

    In classical mathematics, characteristic functions of sets only take values 1 (members) or 0 (non-members). In fuzzy set theory, characteristic functions are generalized to take value in the real unit interval [0, 1], or more generally, in some algebra or structure (usually required to be at least a poset or lattice).

  5. Characterization (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characterization_(mathematics)

    Just as in chemistry, the characteristic property of a material will serve to identify a sample, or in the study of materials, structures and properties will determine characterization, in mathematics there is a continual effort to express properties that will distinguish a desired feature in a theory or system. Characterization is not unique ...

  6. Algebraic number field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_number_field

    In the example above, the discriminant of the number field () with x 3 − x − 1 = 0 is −23, and as we have seen the 23-adic place ramifies. The Dedekind discriminant tells us it is the only ultrametric place that does.

  7. Five themes of geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_themes_of_geography

    A place is an area that is defined by everything in it. It differs from location in that a place is conditions and features, and location is a position in space. [4] Places have physical characteristics, such as landforms and plant and animal life, as well as human characteristics, such as economic activities and languages. [1]

  8. Characteristic class - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_class

    Characteristic classes are elements of cohomology groups; [1] one can obtain integers from characteristic classes, called characteristic numbers. Some important examples of characteristic numbers are Stiefel–Whitney numbers , Chern numbers , Pontryagin numbers , and the Euler characteristic .

  9. Point (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(geometry)

    In geometry, a point is an abstract idealization of an exact position, without size, in physical space, [1] or its generalization to other kinds of mathematical spaces.As zero-dimensional objects, points are usually taken to be the fundamental indivisible elements comprising the space, of which one-dimensional curves, two-dimensional surfaces, and higher-dimensional objects consist; conversely ...