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In chemistry, coprecipitation (CPT) or co-precipitation is the carrying down by a precipitate of substances normally soluble under the conditions employed. [1] Analogously, in medicine, coprecipitation (referred to as immunoprecipitation) is specifically "an assay designed to purify a single antigen from a complex mixture using a specific antibody attached to a beaded support".
Principle of chemical precipitation in aqueous solution. In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution".
Precipitation hardening, also called age hardening or particle hardening, is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminium, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and some steels, stainless steels, and duplex stainless steel.
Two methods are currently being studied: injection of calcium carbonate precipitating bacteria. [12] [13] [37] [38] and by applying bacteria and nutrients as a surface treatment. [10] [39] [40] Increase in strength and durability of MICP treated cement mortar and concrete has been reported. [40] [41]
(Such a non-precipitating combination is a colloid.) Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated with water vapor: cooling the air or adding water vapor to the air. Precipitation forms as smaller droplets coalesce via collision with other rain drops or ice crystals within a cloud.
Precipitating factors: event(s) must occur that act as the proverbial spark that ignites the flame of action. Mobilization for action: participants must have a network and organization that allows them to take collective action. Operation (failure) of social control: authorities either will or will not react.
Electron precipitation (also called energetic electron precipitation or EEP) is an atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when previously trapped electrons enter the Earth's atmosphere, thus creating communications interferences and other disturbances. [1]
Moisture stress is a form of abiotic stress that occurs when the moisture of plant tissues is reduced to suboptimal levels. Water stress occurs in response to atmospheric and soil water availability when the transpiration rate exceeds the rate of water uptake by the roots and cells lose turgor pressure .