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In a mature flower, the perianth consists of a calyx (sepals) and the corolla it supports. A sepal (/ ˈ s ɛ p əl, ˈ s iː p əl /) [1] [2] [3] is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom. [4]
Diagram of flower parts. In botany, floral morphology is the study of the diversity of forms and structures presented by the flower, which, by definition, is a branch of limited growth that bears the modified leaves responsible for reproduction and protection of the gametes, called floral pieces.
A Lilium flower showing the six tepals: the outer three are sepals and the inner three are petals. Undifferentiated tepals are believed to be the ancestral condition in flowering plants . For example, Amborella , which is thought to have separated earliest in the evolution of flowering plants, [ 4 ] has flowers with undifferentiated tepals.
A mature flower. In this example, the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when called a perigone.
The sepals, collectively called the calyx, are modified leaves that occur on the outermost whorl of the flower. [2] They are leaf-like, in that they have a broad base, stomata and chlorophyll and may have stipules. Sepals are often waxy and tough, and grow quickly to protect the flower as it develops.
The yellow, pink or blue, floating to slightly emerging flowers are 4-10 cm wide. [9] [3] [4] The four acute, lanceolate or ovate-oblong sepals are 2.6–4.5 cm long and 0.8–1.2 cm wide. The 12–15 acute, lanceolate, or obtuse petals are as long as the sepals. The androecium consists of 20–30 stamens with acute appendages of the connective.
A floral diagram is a graphic representation of the structure of a flower. It shows the number of floral organs, their arrangement and fusion. Different parts of the flower are represented by their respective symbols. Floral diagrams are useful for flower identification or can help in understanding angiosperm evolution.
Petals are usually surrounded by an outer whorl of modified leaves called sepals, that collectively form the calyx and lie just beneath the corolla. The calyx and the corolla together make up the perianth, the non-reproductive portion of a flower. When the petals and sepals of a flower are difficult to distinguish, they are collectively called ...