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Cellulitis occurred in about 21.2 million people in 2015. [7] In the United States about 2 of every 1,000 people per year have a case affecting the lower leg. [1] Cellulitis in 2015 resulted in about 16,900 deaths worldwide. [8] In the United Kingdom, cellulitis was the reason for 1.6% of admissions to a hospital. [6]
While some infections it causes — like impetigo, strep throat and scarlet fever — are treatable, it can also lead to cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
Bacterial infection is by far the most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis. Despite being called a "flesh-eating disease", bacteria do not eat human tissue. Rather, they release toxins that cause tissue death. Typically, the infection enters the body through a break in the skin such as a cut or burn. [3]
A skin infection is an infection of the skin in humans and other animals, that can also affect the associated soft tissues such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes. [ citation needed ] They comprise a category of infections termed skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), or skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), [ 1 ] and acute ...
Deeper anaerobic soft-tissue infections are necrotizing fasciitis, necrotizing synergistic cellulitis, gas gangrene and crepitus cellulitis. These can involve the fascia as well as the muscle surrounded by the fascia, and may also induce myositis and myonecrosis. [citation needed] The isolates found in soft-tissue infections can vary depending ...
Myonecrosis is the death of individual muscle fibres due to injury, hypoxia, or infection. Common causes include spontaneous diabetic myonecrosis (a.k.a. diabetic muscle infarction) and clostridial myonecrosis (a.k.a. gas gangrene). [11] Some spider bites may lead to necrosis.
Often it is associated with focal bacterial or fungal infections, and can also manifest as one of the symptoms of an internal chemical burn. [2] In liquefactive necrosis, the affected cell is completely digested by hydrolytic enzymes , resulting in a soft, circumscribed lesion consisting of pus and the fluid remains of necrotic tissue.
Necrosis is indeed an unregulated form of cell death, unlike apoptosis, which is a more controlled, programmed process. When tissues undergo necrosis, they swell, rupture, and release their contents, which can trigger inflammation and further tissue damage. When a large area of tissue is affected by necrosis, it can lead to gangrene.