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Various post-Renaissance authors have compiled expanded lists of "simple machines", often using terms like basic machines, [9] compound machines, [6] or machine elements to distinguish them from the classical simple machines above. By the late 1800s, Franz Reuleaux [11] had identified hundreds of machine elements, calling them simple machines. [12]
The second oldest simple machine was the inclined plane (ramp), [6] which has been used since prehistoric times to move heavy objects. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The other four simple machines were invented in the ancient Near East . [ 9 ]
Machine – mechanical system that provides the useful application of power to achieve movement. A machine consists of a power source, or engine, and a mechanism or transmission for the controlled use of this power.
An engraving of Robert Fludd's 1618 "water screw" perpetual motion machine. The history of perpetual motion machines dates at least back to the Middle Ages. For millennia, it was not clear whether perpetual motion devices were possible or not, but modern theories of thermodynamics have shown that they are impossible. Despite this, many attempts ...
The Chain Reaction Contraption Contest [6] is an annual event hosted at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in which high school teams each build a Rube Goldberg machine to complete some simple task (which changes from year to year) in 20 steps or more (with some additional constraints on size, timing, safety, etc.).
For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter, and a bell. [9] The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. It employed ordinary base-10 fixed-point arithmetic. [9] There was to be a store (that is, a memory) capable of holding 1,000 numbers of 40 decimal digits [15] each (ca. 16.6 kB).