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3D medical animation still shot of human skull. The axial skeleton is the core part of the endoskeleton made of the bones of the head and trunk of vertebrates.In the human skeleton, it consists of 80 bones and is composed of the skull (28 bones, including the cranium, mandible and the middle ear ossicles), the vertebral column (26 bones, including vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx), the rib cage ...
The axis is ossified from five primary and two secondary centers. The axis is ossified from five primary and two secondary centres. The body and vertebral arch are ossified in the same manner as the corresponding parts in the other vertebrae, viz., one centre for the body, and two for the vertebral arch.
In organisms that maintain a constant shape and have one dimension longer than the other, at least two directional terms can be used. The long or longitudinal axis is defined by points at the opposite ends of the organism. Similarly, a perpendicular transverse axis can be defined by points on opposite sides of the organism. There is typically ...
The axial skeleton (80 bones) is formed by the vertebral column (32–34 bones; the number of the vertebrae differs from human to human as the lower 2 parts, sacral and coccygeal bone may vary in length), a part of the rib cage (12 pairs of ribs and the sternum), and the skull (22 bones and 7 associated bones).
The latter flexure mainly appears in mammals and sauropsids (reptiles and birds), whereas the other two, and principally the cephalic flexure, appear in all vertebrates (the sum of the cervical and cephalic ventral flexures is the cause of the 90-degree angle mentioned above in humans between body axis and brain axis).
The trunk of the body contains, from superior to inferior, the thoracic region encompassing the chest [1] the mammary region encompassing each breast; the sternal region encompassing the sternum; the abdominal region encompassing the stomach area; the umbilical region is located around the navel; the coxal region encompassing the lateral (side ...
On the trunk of the body, the chest is referred to as the thoracic area. The shoulder in general is the acromial, while the curve of the shoulder is the deltoid. The back as a general area is the dorsum or dorsal area, and the lower back as the lumbus or lumbar region. The shoulderblades are the scapular area and the breastbone is the sternal ...
Coronal axis, medial-lateral axis, or frontal axis is the axis perpendicular to the sagittal plane, i.e., the one formed by the intersection of the coronal and the transversal planes. [8] Extension and flexion are the movements of limbs within the sagittal plane. [9] Abduction and adduction are terms for movements of limbs within the coronal ...