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In computer programming, an integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation on integers attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of digits – either higher than the maximum or lower than the minimum representable value.
Some programming languages such as Lisp, Python, Perl, Haskell, Ruby and Raku use, or have an option to use, arbitrary-precision numbers for all integer arithmetic. Although this reduces performance, it eliminates the possibility of incorrect results (or exceptions) due to simple overflow.
In the C# programming language, or any language that uses .NET, the DateTime structure stores absolute timestamps as the number of tenth-microseconds (10 −7 s, known as "ticks" [80]) since midnight UTC on 1 January 1 AD in the proleptic Gregorian calendar, [81] which will overflow a signed 64-bit integer on 14 September 29,228 at 02:48:05 ...
For integers, the term "integer underflow" typically refers to a special kind of integer overflow or integer wraparound condition whereby the result of subtraction would result in a value less than the minimum allowed for a given integer type, i.e. the ideal result was closer to negative infinity than the output type's representable value ...
For example, adjusting the volume level of a sound signal can result in overflow, and saturation causes significantly less distortion to the sound than wrap-around. In the words of researchers G. A. Constantinides et al.: [1] When adding two numbers using two's complement representation, overflow results in a "wrap-around" phenomenon.
Another benefit from allowing signed integer overflow to be undefined is that it makes it possible to store and manipulate a variable's value in a processor register that is larger than the size of the variable in the source code. For example, if the type of a variable as specified in the source code is narrower than the native register width ...
An example, suppose we add 127 and 127 using 8-bit registers. 127+127 is 254, but using 8-bit arithmetic the result would be 1111 1110 binary, which is the two's complement encoding of −2, a negative number. A negative sum of positive operands (or vice versa) is an overflow.
An example would be the conversion of an integer value into a floating point value or its textual representation as a string, and vice versa. Type conversions can take advantage of certain features of type hierarchies or data representations .