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In mathematics, the exponential integral Ei is a special function on the complex plane. It is defined as one particular definite integral of the ratio between an exponential function and its argument .
Toyesh Prakash Sharma, Etisha Sharma, "Putting Forward Another Generalization Of The Class Of Exponential Integrals And Their Applications.," International Journal of Scientific Research in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.2, pp.1-8, 2023.
Exponential integrators are a class of numerical methods for the solution of ordinary differential equations, specifically initial value problems.This large class of methods from numerical analysis is based on the exact integration of the linear part of the initial value problem.
The angular integration of an exponential in cylindrical coordinates can be written in terms of Bessel functions of the first kind [4] [5]: 113 ( ()) = and ( ()) = (). For applications of these integrals see Magnetic interaction between current loops in a simple plasma or electron gas .
In integral calculus, Euler's formula for complex numbers may be used to evaluate integrals involving trigonometric functions. Using Euler's formula, any trigonometric function may be written in terms of complex exponential functions, namely e i x {\displaystyle e^{ix}} and e − i x {\displaystyle e^{-ix}} and then integrated.
The indefinite integral of many algebraic functions is transcendental. For example, the integral = turns out to equal the logarithm function (). Similarly, the limit or the infinite sum of many algebraic function sequences is transcendental.
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In mathematics, a nonelementary antiderivative of a given elementary function is an antiderivative (or indefinite integral) that is, itself, not an elementary function. [1] A theorem by Liouville in 1835 provided the first proof that nonelementary antiderivatives exist. [2]