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Names of larger numbers, however, have a tenuous, artificial existence, rarely found outside definitions, lists, and discussions of how large numbers are named. Even well-established names like sextillion are rarely used, since in the context of science, including astronomy, where such large numbers often occur, they are nearly always written ...
Biology – Blood cells in the human body: The average human body is estimated to have (2.5 ± .5) × 10 13 red blood cells. [40] [41] Mathematics – Known digits of π: As of March 2019, the number of known digits of π is 31,415,926,535,897 (the integer part of π × 10 13). [42] Biology – approximately 10 14 synapses in the human brain. [43]
The number of cells in the human body (estimated at 3.72 × 10 13), or 37.2 trillion/37.2 T [3] The number of bits on a computer hard disk (as of 2024, typically about 10 13, 1–2 TB), or 10 trillion/10T; The number of neuronal connections in the human brain (estimated at 10 14), or 100 trillion/100 T
The decay time for a supermassive black hole of roughly 1 galaxy-mass (10 11 solar masses) due to Hawking radiation is on the order of 10 100 years. [7] Therefore, the heat death of an expanding universe is lower-bounded to occur at least one googol years in the future. A googol is considerably smaller than a centillion. [8]
The long and short scales are two powers of ten number naming systems that are consistent with each other for smaller numbers, but are contradictory for larger numbers. [1] [2] Other numbering systems, particularly in East Asia and South Asia, have large number naming that differs from both the long and short scales.
A skew-symmetric graph is a graph that is isomorphic to its own transpose graph, via a special kind of isomorphism that pairs up all of the vertices. The converse relation of a binary relation is the relation that reverses the ordering of each pair of related objects. If the relation is interpreted as a directed graph, this is the same thing as ...
When a real number like .007 is denoted alternatively by 7.0 × 10 —3 then it is said that the number is represented in scientific notation.More generally, to write a number in the form a × 10 b, where 1 <= a < 10 and b is an integer, is to express it in scientific notation, and a is called the significand or the mantissa, and b is its exponent. [3]
For a clustering example, suppose that five taxa (to ) have been clustered by UPGMA based on a matrix of genetic distances.The hierarchical clustering dendrogram would show a column of five nodes representing the initial data (here individual taxa), and the remaining nodes represent the clusters to which the data belong, with the arrows representing the distance (dissimilarity).