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[87] [88] [89] Attachment and jealousy can both be triggered in children by the presence of a rival. Attachment and jealousy can be triggered by the same perceptual cues in adults, too. [90] The absence of the attachment can trigger both a need for close proximity and jealousy when people believe the attachment is spending time with a rival.
Development of the adult attachment theory and adult attachment measures in the 1990s provided researchers with the means to apply the attachment theory to health in a more systematic way. [3] Since that time, it has been used to understand variations in stress response, health outcomes and health behaviour.
The dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation (DMM) is a biopsychosocial model describing the effect attachment relationships can have on human development and functioning. It is especially focused on the effects of relationships between children and parents and between reproductive couples.
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Attachment theory can also inform decisions made in social work, especially in humanistic social work (Petru Stefaroi), [235] [236] and court processes about foster care or other placements. Considering the child's attachment needs can help determine the level of risk posed by placement options.
However, changes to internal representations of attachment relationships can occur. This is most likely to happen upon repeated experiences that are incompatible with the internal working model in place at the time. [11] One way this can happen is during major periods (meaning weeks or months) of absence of the attachment figure. [11]
The Infant CARE-Index (ICI) is procedure that assesses risk in parent/infant relationships. It was developed by Patricia Crittenden early in the development of the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation (DMM) and can be used from birth, that is before infant's attachment strategies are established, and up to 15 months of age.
Older adults represent a significant proportion of the population, and this proportion is expected to increase with time. [90] Mental health concerns of older adults are important at treatment and support levels, as well as policy issues. The prevalence of suicide among older adults is higher than in any other age group. [91] [92]