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The enzyme adenosine deaminase is encoded by the ADA gene on chromosome 20. [1] ADA deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome (chromosome 20 is an autosome), and two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order to be born with the disorder.
Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1 or AMPD1, is a human metabolic disorder in which the body consistently lacks the enzyme AMP deaminase, [1] in sufficient quantities. This may result in exercise intolerance, muscle pain and muscle cramping. The disease was formerly known as myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MADD).
Deficiency of Adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic disease associated with systemic inflammation and vasculopathy that affects a wide variety of organs in different patients. As a result, it is hard to characterize a patient with this disorder.
ERT has also been used to treat patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) resulting from an adenosine deaminase deficiency . [2] Other treatment options for patients with enzyme or protein deficiencies include substrate reduction therapy, gene therapy, and bone-marrow derived stem cell transplantation. [1] [3] [4]
The treatment is personalized for each person; hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) are extracted from the person and purified so that only CD34-expressing cells remain.Those cells are cultured with cytokines and growth factors and then transduced with a gammaretrovirus containing the human adenosine deaminase gene and then reinfused into the person.
Elapegademase, sold under the brand name Revcovi, is a medication for the treatment of the rare disease adenosine deaminase deficiency-SCID in children and adults. [1] It is a recombinant enzyme [2] that is administered weekly by intramuscular injection. [3] Elapegademase may interact with PEGylated drugs. [3]
Strimvelis: treatment for adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-SCID) Talimogene laherparepvec (Imlygic): treatment for melanoma in patients who have recurring skin lesions [17] Tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah): treatment for B cell lymphoblastic leukemia [18] Valoctocogene roxaparvovec (Roctavian): treatment for hemophilia A [19] [20] [21]
Adenosine deaminase (also known as adenosine aminohydrolase, or ADA) is an enzyme (EC 3.5.4.4) involved in purine metabolism. It is needed for the breakdown of adenosine from food and for the turnover of nucleic acids in tissues. Its primary function in humans is the development and maintenance of the immune system. [5]