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The platelet count can be reported in units of cells per microlitre of blood (/μL), [165] 10 3 cells per microlitre (× 10 3 /μL), or 10 9 cells per litre (× 10 9 /L). [4] The mean platelet volume (MPV) measures the average size of platelets in femtolitres.
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Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. [3] [4] Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5–9 mmHg; clinically significant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures greater than 10 mmHg. [5]
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a normal red blood cell (left), a platelet (middle), and a white blood cell (right) One microliter of blood contains: 4.7 to 6.1 million (male), 4.2 to 5.4 million (female) erythrocytes : [ 13 ] Red blood cells contain the blood's hemoglobin and distribute oxygen.
Clotting time is a general term for the time required for a sample of blood to form a clot, or, in medical terms, coagulate.The term "clotting time" is often used when referring to tests such as the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or PTT), activated clotting time (ACT), thrombin time (TT), or Reptilase time.
However, platelet transfusion is suggested for platelet counts below (10 × 10 9 /L) without any risk of bleeding, or (20 × 10 9 /L) with a high risk of bleeding, or (50 × 10 9 /L) with active bleeding, before planned surgery or an invasive procedure. [5] IV immunoglobulin is not recommended because its beneficial effects are uncertain. [5]
Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by the new onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine or by the new onset of high blood pressure along with significant end-organ damage, with or without the proteinuria.
The use of LMWHs should be avoided in patients with known allergies to LMWHs, heparin, sulfites or benzyl alcohol, in patients with active major bleeding, or in patients with a history of heparin-induced low blood platelet count (also known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or HIT). High treatment doses are contraindicated in acute bleeding ...