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Physiognomy of the melancholic temperament (drawing by Thomas Holloway, c.1789, made for Johann Kaspar Lavater's Essays on Physiognomy). Melancholia or melancholy (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole, [1] meaning black bile) [2] is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood ...
Black bile was associated with a melancholy nature, the word melancholy itself deriving from the Greek for 'black bile', μέλαινα χολή (melaina kholé). Depression was attributed to excess or unnatural black bile secreted by the spleen. [32] Cancer was also attributed to an excess of black bile concentrated in a specific area. [33]
Likewise for being too calm and reserved or "phlegmatic" from too much phlegm; excessively sad or "melancholic" from too much black bile; and too angry or "choleric" from excess yellow bile. [10] The properties of these humours also corresponded to the four seasons. Thus blood, which was considered hot and wet, corresponded to spring.
Bile (from Latin bilis), or gall, is a yellow-green/misty green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is primarily composed of water, is produced continuously by the liver, and is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder.
In Turkish, the word Hasret meaning longing, yearning or nostalgia has similar connotations, as does the Polish “tęsknota”. The similar melancholic music style is known in Bosnia-Herzegovina as sevdalinkah (from Turkish sevda' : infatuation, ultimately from Arabic سَوْدَاء sawdā': 'black [bile]', translation of the Greek ...
It is the energy principle which uses bile to direct digestion and enhance metabolism. Unbalanced pitta is primarily characterized by body heat or a burning sensation and redness. Pitta is the normal Sanskrit word meaning "bile". [12] It is etymologically related to the Sanskrit word pīta "yellow". Kapha is the watery element. It is a ...
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Bile (Irish legend), a legendary ancestor of the Irish people; Bile (band), a New York industrial metal band; Bile language, a Southern Bantoid Jarawan language of Nigeria; Black bile, a humor in ancient and pre-modern medicine; Yellow bile, a humor in ancient and pre-modern medicine; Birmingham Laptop Ensemble (BiLE)