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Hu and Hayton in 2001 discussed whether the basal metabolic rate scale is a 2 ⁄ 3 or 3 ⁄ 4 power of body mass. The exponent of 3 ⁄ 4 might be used for substances that are eliminated mainly by metabolism, or by metabolism and excretion combined, while 2 ⁄ 3 might apply for drugs that are eliminated mainly by renal excretion. [38]
Allometric engineering is the process of experimentally shifting the scaling relationships, for body size or shape, in a population of organisms. More specifically, the process of experimentally breaking the tight covariance evident among component traits of a complex phenotype by altering the variance of one trait relative to another.
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Kleiber's law, like many other biological allometric laws, is a consequence of the physics and/or geometry of circulatory systems in biology. [5] Max Kleiber first discovered the law when analyzing a large number of independent studies on respiration within individual species. [2]
If the sides of the cube were multiplied by 2, its surface area would be multiplied by the square of 2 and become 24 m 2. Its volume would be multiplied by the cube of 2 and become 8 m 3. The original cube (1 m sides) has a surface area to volume ratio of 6:1. The larger (2 m sides) cube has a surface area to volume ratio of (24/8) 3:1.
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Plakophilin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKP2 gene. [5] [6] Plakophilin 2 is expressed in skin and cardiac muscle, where it functions to link cadherins to intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton. In cardiac muscle, plakophilin-2 is found in desmosome structures located within intercalated discs.
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