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The transmission coefficient is used in physics and electrical engineering when wave propagation in a medium containing discontinuities is considered. A transmission coefficient describes the amplitude, intensity, or total power of a transmitted wave relative to an incident wave.
The energy is transmitted by periodic changes of pressure and volume in the longitudinal direction and may be described as wave transmission of power, or mechanical wave transmission. – Gogu Constantinescu [2] [3] Later on the theory was expanded in electro-sonic, hydro-sonic, sonostereo-sonic and thermo-sonic.
The equations consider a plane wave incident on a plane interface at angle of incidence, a wave reflected at angle =, and a wave transmitted at angle . In the case of an interface into an absorbing material (where n is complex) or total internal reflection, the angle of transmission does not generally evaluate to a real number.
The fields, and thus the power transmitted, decrease exponentially with distance, [62] [64] [66] so if the distance between the two "antennas" D range is much larger than the diameter of the "antennas" D ant very little power will be received. Therefore, these techniques cannot be used for long range power transmission.
The resulting vector has the units of power divided by area (i.e., surface power density). The intensity of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. For example, the intensity of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to the square of the wave's electric field amplitude.
The broken magenta line shows the cumulative power transmission within radius r, half of which flows inside the geometric mean of R 1 and R 2. The center conductor is held at voltage V and draws a current I toward the right, so we expect a total power flow of P = V · I according to basic laws of electricity. By evaluating the Poynting vector ...
The electric field strength at a specific point can be determined from the power delivered to the transmitting antenna, its geometry and radiation resistance. Consider the case of a center-fed half-wave dipole antenna in free space, where the total length L is equal to one half wavelength (λ/2). If constructed from thin conductors, the current ...
Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]