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Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi [pron 1] (c. 1942 – 20 October 2011) was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist who ruled Libya from 1969 until his assassination by the rebel forces of the National Liberation Army in 2011.
Gaddafi's body was displayed alongside that of his son Mutassim, who was killed by Misratan fighters after his capture in Sirte on 20 October 2011. The younger Gaddafi's body was removed from the refrigerator for burial at the same time as his father's, on 24 October 2011. [39]
Muammar Gaddafi dominated Libya's politics for four decades and was the subject of a pervasive cult of personality.He was decorated with various awards and praised for his anti-imperialist stance, support for Arab—and then African—unity, as well as for significant development to the country following the discovery of oil reserves.
Gaddafi was a close supporter of Ugandan President Idi Amin. [76] Gaddafi sent thousands of troops to fight against Tanzania on behalf of Idi Amin. About 600 Libyan soldiers lost their lives attempting to defend the collapsing regime of Amin. After the fall of Kampala, Amin was eventually exiled from Uganda to Libya before settling in Saudi ...
Gaddafi described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by God to continue Nasser's work. [14] Gaddafi was an austere and devout Muslim, [15] although according to Vandewalle, his interpretation of Islam was "deeply personal and idiosyncratic."
During the war, Gaddafi's forces were accused of rape and sexual torture of hundreds of women and children. Over 8,000 rape cases were reported, with all of them being committed by Gaddafi's forces. [73] Many of these women were stripped naked, raped, and then killed in front of their male relatives. [74]
The foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi (1969–2011) underwent much fluctuation and change. They were marked by severe tension with the West (especially the United States, although relations were normalised in the early 21st century prior to the 2011 civil war) and by other national policies in the Middle East and Africa, including the Libyan government's financial and military ...
From 1969 to 2011, the politics of Libya were determined de facto by Muammar Gaddafi, who had been in power since his overthrow of the Kingdom of Libya in 1969.. Gaddafi abolished the post-1951 Libyan Constitution and introduced his own political philosophy, based on his Green Book published in the 1970s. [1]