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In the classic example, benzaldehyde is converted to benzoin (PhCH(OH)C(O)Ph). [3] The benzoin condensation was first reported in 1832 by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler during their research on bitter almond oil. [4] The catalytic version of the reaction involving cyanide was developed by Nikolay Zinin in the late 1830s. [5] [6 ...
Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C 7 H 5 ClO. It is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour, and consists of a benzene ring ( C 6 H 6 ) with an acyl chloride ( −C(=O)Cl ) substituent .
In organic chemistry, benzoyl (/ ˈ b ɛ n z oʊ ɪ l /, BENZ-oh-il) [1] is the functional group with the formula −COC 6 H 5 and structure −C(=O)−C 6 H 5. [2] [3] It can be viewed as benzaldehyde missing one hydrogen. The benzoyl group has a mass of 105 amu. The term "benzoyl" should not be confused with benzyl, which has the formula − ...
synthesis of benzamide from benzoyl chloride and a phenethylamine; synthesis of flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen; acylation of a benzylamine with acetyl chloride (acetic anhydride is an alternative) In the Fischer peptide synthesis (Emil Fischer, 1903), [6] an α-chloro acid chloride is condensed with the ester of an amino acid.
Benzylic halides are typically strong alkylating agents, and for this reason benzal chloride is treated as a hazardous compound. Treatment of benzal chloride with sodium gives stilbene. Most benzal chloride main industrial use is as a precursor to benzaldehyde. This conversion involves hydrolysis in the presence of base: [2]
Formyl chloride, for example, is too unstable to be isolated. Thus, synthesis of benzaldehyde through the Friedel–Crafts pathway requires that formyl chloride be synthesized in situ . This is accomplished by the Gattermann-Koch reaction , accomplished by treating benzene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride under high pressure ...
Benzyl chloride can also be converted via benzyl cyanide with subsequent hydrolysis into phenylacetic acid. [22] [23] The disubstituted benzal chloride is converted to benzaldehyde, a popular flavorant [24] and intermediate for the production of malachite green and other dyes. [25] The trisubstituted benzotrichloride is used for the hydrolysis ...
2- and 4-chlorotoluene are precursors to the corresponding benzyl chloride (ClC 6 H 4 CH 2 Cl), benzaldehyde (ClC 6 H 4 CHO), and benzoyl chloride (ClC 6 H 4 C(O)Cl). [2] 2- and 4-chlorotoluenes are converted to 2-chlorobenzonitrile and 4-chlorobenzonitrile, respectively. [3] Chlorotoluenes are precursors to dichlorotoluenes.