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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a peculiar form of peritonitis occurring in the absence of an obvious source of contamination. It occurs in people with ascites, including children. Intra-peritoneal dialysis predisposes to peritoneal infection (sometimes named "primary peritonitis" in this context).
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, low blood sodium [3] [4] Causes: Liver cirrhosis, cancer, heart failure, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, blockage of the hepatic vein [4] Diagnostic method: Physical exam, ultrasound, CT scan [3] Treatment: Low-salt diet, medications, draining the fluid [3] Medication: Spironolactone ...
Primary peritonitis is the diffuse bacterial infection of the peritoneum while the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract is preserved (in cases of ascites); secondary peritonitis is the infection of peritoneum where the integrity of gastrointestinal tract is compromised; tertiary peritonitis is reinfection of peritoneum 48 hours after ...
A count of 250 neutrophils per ml or higher is considered diagnostic for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Cultures of the fluid can be taken, but the yield is approximately 40% (72–90% if blood culture bottles are used). Empiric antibiotics are typically started when spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is highly suspected.
Important clinical infections caused by Enterococcus include urinary tract infections (see Enterococcus faecalis), bacteremia, bacterial endocarditis, diverticulitis, meningitis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. [4] [8] [9] Sensitive strains of these bacteria can be treated with ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. [10]
Treatment targets nutritional support, improving intestinal motility, and minimizing surgical intervention. [4] Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine can occur in chronic cases – presenting as malabsorption, diarrhea, and nutrient deficiencies [12] – which may require the use of antibiotics.
Symptomatic relief may be provided by paracentesis, which may also diagnose spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) Gastrointestinal endoscopy may be used or patients with suspected peptic ulcer disease Helicobacter pylori testing may also be used; Trial medications may be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of: